摘 要：大長度測量儀檢定工作一般在野外基線場上進行，耗時費力、強度高效率低、受環境影響嚴重等問題一直困擾計量檢定人員。為改變這一落后作業模式，在手持激光測距儀室內檢定裝置研制成功的基礎上，該文提出基于折光腔法與虛擬基線理論構造鑒相式大長度測量儀檢定裝置，擬將野外檢定基線場完整搬入室內。利用費馬原理設計的折光腔將長度＞1 000 m的光路壓縮在數十米以內，利用光的反射定律推導出虛擬基線（室內大長度各段標準值）的計算方法，同時進一步提出檢定裝置的結構設計，技術參數及控制措施，并通過對系統潛在影響因素分析以論證該大長度室內檢定裝置的可行性。
關鍵詞：大長度；折光腔；虛擬基線；費馬原理
文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1674-5124（2015）12-0021-04
Verification method of phase detector large length measuring instrument
based on refraction cavity
HUANG Su， PAN Jiasheng， ZHANG Yong
（1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Geometric and Mechanical Metrology Technology，
Guangzhou 510405，China；
2. Guangdong Institute of Metrology，Guangzhou 510405，China）
Abstract: Generally， the calibration work is carried out in outdoor fields through large length meters， but it is time-consuming， inefficient and severely affected by the surroundings， which have been long plaguing the metrological verification personnel. based on the indoor test device for portable laser rangefinder， this paper has proposed to design a calibration device for phase-demodulation large-length measuring instrument according to refraction cavity and virtual baseline theory， that is， to move verification baseline fields from outdoor to indoor. The refraction cavity designed by Fermat’s principle is used to fold the light path greater than 1 000 m within 10 m and at the same the reflection law of light is applied to deduce a calculation formula to calculate the virtual baseline （standard value at each section of indoor large length）. The structure design， technical parameters and control measures of the calibrating device has been discussed as well， and its feasibility has been demonstrated by analyzing the potential influence factors of the system.
Keywords: long length； refraction cavity； virtual baseline； Fermat’s principle
